Oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC) of two waste fuels - Experimental and theoretical study of the interaction between ilmenite and zinc, copper and lead

Zinc, copper and lead are amongst the more abundant trace metals in waste fuels such as municipal solid recovered wood. The ashes from could contain high contents of these metals, which be valuable but also toxic certain environments. Oxygen carrier aided combustion, OCAC, is a novel technology for combustion biomass waste. Utilizing oxygen carriers affect fate have implications stability recycling. aim this work to study zinc, during two utilizing ilmenite an carrier. In total, four samples been obtained different industrial fluidized bed boilers using material. Due low concentrations, bulk analysis methods not suitable speciation, i.e. SEM/EDX XRD. Hence, investigation utilizes resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), coupled detailed thermodynamic modelling, with understanding metal distribution phase composition. Characterization show that iron at surface particles interact both zinc form ferrites, CuFe2O4 ZnFe2O4. Lead, on other hand, prone end up fly ash condensed PbCl2, mixed oxide PbTiO3 identified surface. Thermodynamic calculations were shown line compounds.